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Endocrinology/diabetology is concerned with the hormones that are manufactured in the body by special glands and distributed by the blood. Hormones, of which there are more than thirty, play an important role in the management of many of the body's processes. Insulin, for instance, manufactured by the pancreas, controls the blood sugar level. Knowledge about insulin, blood sugar level and diabetes comes under diabetology.

The endocrinologist/diabetologist knows about the various functions of the hormones in the body. He knows what symptoms emerge when too few or too many hormones accumulate. He conducts a variety of tests to diagnose the individual disorders. Depending on their outcome he selects the right drug for treatment and advises the patient as to how he can help alleviate his condition, e.g. by changing his eating habits or taking more exercise.